DAY 6

PART A

 

 

 

 

Voice Change (Active to Passive)

Voice হচ্ছে ক্রিয়ার প্রকাশভঙ্গি যার মাধ্যমে বোঝা যায় যে কোন বাক্যের subject কাজটি করছে/করেছে/করবে নাকি কাজটি subject দ্বারা করা হচ্ছে/হয়েছে/হবে।

Voice is the way of expressing verbs which describes whether the subject does the work or it has been done by the subject.

 

Voice দুই প্রকারঃ

·         Active voice

·         Passive voice

যে sentence-এ ‍ subject নিজে সক্রিয়ভাবে কাজটি করে সেই sentence-এ verb-এর active voice হয়।

 

Sentence Structure:

Subject + Verb + Object

Example:

o    I write articles.

Passive voice:

যে sentence-এ ‍ subject নিজে সক্রিয়ভাবে কাজটি করে না বরং object-এর কাজটি তার দ্বারা করা হয় সেই sentence-এ verb-এর passive voice হয়।

 

 

Sentence Structure:

Object + be verb+ verb’s past participle + by+ subject

Example:

o    Articles are written by me.

Voice-কে active থেকে passive করার নিয়মগুলো নিচে বর্ণিত হল:

 

Rule 1:

a. Active voice-এর subject passive voice-এর object-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।

 

b. Active voice-এর object passive voice-এর subject-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।

 

c. মূল verb-এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং auxiliary verb/ be verb নির্বাচন করা হয় subject এবং tense অনুযায়ী

 

o    I write poems. (Active)

o    Poems are written by me. (Passive)

Rule 2:

⇒ Indefinite tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

 

a. Present- Object’s subject+ am/is/are+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

o    She praises me. (Active)

o    I am praised by her. (Passive)

o    I praise her. (Active)

o    She is praised by me. (Passive)

 

b. Past- Object’s subject+ was/were+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

o    She praised me. (Active)

o    I was praised by her. (Passive)

o    She praised them. (Active)

o    They were praised by her. (Passive)

 

c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall be/will be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

o    She will praise me. (Active)

o    I shall be praised by her. (Passive)

o    She will praise him. (Active)

o    He will be praised by her. (Passive)

⇒ Continuous tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

 

a. Present- Object’s subject+ am being/is being/are being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

o    She is praising me. (Active)

o    I am being praised by her. (Passive)

o    She is praising him. (Active)

o    He is being praised by her. (Passive)

o    She is praising them. (Active)

o    They are being praised by her. (Passive)

 

b. Past- Object’s subject+ was being/ were being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

o    She was praising me. (Active)

o    I was being praised by her. (Passive)

o    She was praising them. (Active)

o    They were being praised by her. (Passive)

 

c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall be being/will be being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

o    She will be praising me. (Active)

o    I shall be being praised by her. (Passive)

o    She will be praising them. (Active)

o    They will be being praised by her. (Passive)

 

⇒ Perfect tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

 

a. Present- Object’s subject+ has been/ have been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

o    She has praised him. (Active)

o    He has been praised by her. (Passive)

o    She has praised me. (Active)

o    I have been praised by her. (Passive)

 

b. Past- Object’s subject+ had been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

o    She had praised me. (Active)

o    I had been praised by her. (Passive)

 

c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall have been/ will have been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

o    She will have praised me. (Active)

a. I shall have been praised by her. (Passive)

o    She will have praised him. (Active)

o    He will have been praised by her. (Passive)

Rule 3:

May/might/can/could/must/ought to/going to-যুক্ত Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

Object’s subject+ may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to+ be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object

Example:

o    You must write the poem. (Active)

o    The poem must be written by you. (Passive)

o    She may help you. (Active)

o    You may be helped by her. (Passive)

o    We ought to obey our parents. (Active)

o    Our parents ought to be obeyed by us. (Passive)

o    We are going to organize a party. (Active)

o    A party is going to be organized by us. (Passive)

Rule 4:

Imperative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

 

a. Main verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Let+ Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle

Example:

o    Write the article. (Active)

o    Let the article be written. (Passive)

o    Prepare the assignment. (Active)

o    Let the assignment be prepared. (Passive)

 

b. “Do not” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Let not + Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle

Example:

o    Do not write the article. (Active)

o    Let not the article be written. (Passive)

o    Do not prepare the assignment. (Active)

o    Let not the assignment be prepared. (Passive)

 

c. Sentence “Let” দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর personal object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-

Let+ Object’s subject + be + verb’s past participle+ personal object

Example:

o    Let me write the article. (Active)

o    Let the article be written by me. (Passive)

o    Let him write the letter. (Active)

o    Let the letter be written by him. (Passive)

 

d. “Never” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Let not + Object’s subject + ever be + verb’s past participle

Example:

o    Never deceive anyone. (Active)

o    Let not anyone ever be deceived. (Passive)

o    Never go there. (Active)

o    Let not there ever be gone. (Passive)

 

e. Sentence main verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর personal object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-

Let+ direct object + be+ verb’s past participle + for + personal object

Example:

o    Give me a pencil. (Active)

o    Let a pencil be given for me. (Passive)

o    Give me an eraser. (Active)

o    Let an eraser be given for me. (Passive)

Rule 5:

Interrogative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:

a. Interrogative Sentence-কে Assertive Sentence-এ রূপান্তরিত করা হয়+ পরিবর্তিত Assertive sentence-কে passive form-এ নেয়া হয়+ পরিবর্তিত passive voice-এর auxiliary verb-কে sentence-এর শুরুতে বসান হয়+ Object-এর subject+ ……..+ by+ Subject-এর object+ প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (Tense অনুসারে করা হয়)।

 

Example:

o    Have you written the article? (Active)

o    You have written the article. (Assertive)

o    The article has been written by you. (Passive of Assertive)

o    Has the article been written by you? (Passive of the main sentence)

o    Are you writing the article? (Active)

o    You are writing the article. (Assertive)

o    The article is being written by you. (Passive of Assertive)

o    Is the article being written by you? (Passive of the main sentence)

 

b. “Who” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Who-এর পরিবর্তে By whom+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ object-এর      subject+ কোন কোনসময় tense অনুযায়ী “be/being/been” ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Verb-এর past participle+?

 

    Example:

o    Who is writing the poem? (Active)

o    By whom is the poem being written? (Passive)

 

c. “Whom”- দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Whom এর পরিবর্তে Who+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ subject-এর object+?

 

Example:

o    Whom did you recommend? (Active)

o    Who was recommended by you? (Passive)

 

d. “What”- দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

What+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ subject-এর object+? (Tense অনুসারে করা হয়) ।

What+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? (Done according to Tense)

Example:

o    What is he doing? (Active)

o    What is being done by him? (Passive)

o    What does he need? (Active)

o    What is needed by him? (Passive)

Rule 6:

Active sentence যার নিম্নরূপ কাঠামো:

Subject + verb + object +present participle-একে নিম্নরূপে passive করা হয়:

Object-এর subject+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle+ present participle-যুক্ত অংশ+ by + subject-এর object।

The active sentence having structure like this-

Subject + verb + object +present participle is changed into passive in the following way: Object’s subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ the part having present participle+ by + subject’s object.

Example:

o    I saw him performing the dance. (Active)

o    He was seen performing the dance by me. (Passive)

Rule 7:

Active voice-এর double object থাকলে Passive voice-এর কাঠামো:

দুটি object-এর যেকোনটি subject হিসেবে নেয়া হয় (ব্যক্তিবাচক object-টি পরিবর্তন করা ভাল) +Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb +Verb-এর past participle+ অন্য object+ by+ active voice-এর subject-টি object হিসেবে লেখা হয়।

Passive voice’s structure in case of Active voice having double object-

 

 

Example:

o    I gave her a dress. (Active)

o    She was given a dress by me. (Passive)

 

 

END OF PART A

EXAM TIME FOR 10 MINUTES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PART B

Rule 8:

Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।

 

Example:

o    I know that he sang the song. (Active)

o    It is known to me that the song was sung by him. (Passive)

Note:

Active voice যদি “People say” দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তবে একে passive করতে হলে, এর শুরুতে “It is said that” ব্যবহৃত হয়।

 

 

Example:

o    People say that Dhaka is the city of mosques. (Active)

o    It is said that Dhaka is the city of mosques. (Passive)

Rule 9:

সাধারণত: intransitive verb-এর passive voice হয় না। কিন্তু যদি intransitive verb-এর পরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে একটি group verb তৈরী করে এবং এটি intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে passive রূপের structure হবে-

Object হবে subject+ Tense অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle+ প্রদত্ত preposition+ by+ subject-এর object।

 

Example:

o    The boy took care of the parrots. (Active)

o    The parrots were taken care of by the boy. (Passive)

Rule 10:

Active voice-এ Reflexive objective যেমন: myself, yourself, himself, herself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves, প্রভৃতি থাকলে Passive-এর কাঠামো-

Active voice-এর একই subject passive form-এ ও+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle+ by+ reflexive object।

 

Example:

o    He mocked himself. (Active)

o    He was mocked by himself. (Passive)

Rule 11:  

Factitive object/ Complementary object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-

দ্রষ্টব্য: যদি কোন বাক্যে transitive verb যেমন: call, make, name, nominate, elect, select, প্রভৃতি থাকে কিন্তু একটি পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে একটি অতিরিক্ত object ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে এই অতিরিক্ত objectটিকে Factitive object/ Complementary object বলে।

Him, her, me, us, you, them, প্রভৃতিকে active রূপে নেয়া হয় এবং subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense and person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ factitive object+ by+ subject-এর object.

 

Example:

o    They made me a moderator. (Active)

o    I was made a moderator by them. (Passive)

Rule 12:  

Cognate object-যুক্ত active voice-এর Passive কাঠামো-

Cognate object: কিছু intransitive verb কিছু সাহায্যকারী object ব্যবহার করে transitive verb-এর মত আচরণ করে। এই সাহায্যকারী object-গুলোকে Cognate object বলে।

Object-টি ‍subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ Subject-এর object.

Example:

o    He wrote a poem. (Active)

o    A poem was written by him. (Passive)

Rule 13:

Infinitive-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-

Active voice-এর subject+ tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb+ infinitive-এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) + to be + infinitive-এর পরের verb-এর past participle

 

Example:

o    He wants you to give a speech. (Active)

o    He wants a speech to be given. (Passive)

Rule 14:

Gerund combinations যেমন: suggest/recommend/advise/propose+ gerund+ object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-

Active voice-এর subject+ মূল verb+ that+ gerund-এর পরের object+ should be+ gerund-কে verb-এ পরিণত করে তার past participle.

 

Example:

o    He proposed watching the movie. (Active)

o    He proposed that the movie should be watched. (Passive)

 

Rule 15:

Determine/arrange/be determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, etc.+ infinitive + object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো:

Active voice-এর subject+ মূল verb+ that+ infinitive -এর পরের object+ should be+ infinitive-কে verb-এ পরিণত করে তার past participle.

 

Example:

o    He decided to prepare the proposal. (Active)

o    He decided that the proposal should be prepared. (Passive)

Rule 16:

One+ should-যুক্ত active voice-এর Passive কাঠামো-

Object-এর subject+ should be+ Verb-এর past participle.  

Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having One+ should-

Object’s subject+ should be+ Verb’s past participle.

  

Example:

o    One should perform one’s prayers. (Active)

o    Prayers should be performed. (Passive)

 

 

 

 

 

 

SOME IMPORTANT EXCEPTIONAL VOICE CHANGE

 

Why, When, Where, How ইত্যাদি দ্বারা Interrogative active বাক্য শুরু হলে Passive voice করার সময় উক্ত Interrogative adverb-গুলোই বাক্যের প্রথমে থেকে যায়। Voice change-এর অন্যান্য নিয়ম অবশ্যই পালনীয়। যেমন—
Active : Why does he disclose the fact?
Passive : Why is the fact disclosed by him?
Active : Why do they take the pen?
Passive : Why is the pen taken by them?
Active : When will Jibon write it?
Passive : When will it be written by Jibon?
Active : When will they make the kite?
Passive : When will the kite be made by them ?
Active : Where did Mamun find you?
Passive : Where were you found by Mamun?
Active : Where have you taken him?
Passive : Where has be been taken by you ?
Active : How have you done this?
Passive : How has this been done by you?
Active : How does he finish the work?
Passive : How is the work finished by him?

Impertive Sentence: যে Sentence দ্বারা আদেশ, উপদেশ ও অনুরোধ বোঝায়, তাকে Impertive Sentence বলে। উক্ত Sentence-এর Active voice-এর object-কে let-এর Object-রূপে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। মূল Verb-এর Past participle হয় এবং তার পূর্বে be ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : Do it.
Passive : Let it be done (by you).
Active : Make a Kite.
Passive : Let a Kite be made (by you).
Active : Help the poor.
Passive : Let the poor be helped (by you).
Active : Take care of your health.
Passive : Let your health be taken care of.

Impertive Sentence: Impertive Sentence-এর Active voice যখন let দ্বারা দেওয়া থাকে তখন Passive voice করার সময় নতুন করে আর let ব্যবহার করার দরকার হয় না। উক্ত let-কেই উক্ত বাক্যের শুরুতে বসিয়ে Indirect object-টিকে sub করে Passive করতে হয়।

যেমন—
Active : Let Putul read the book.
Passive : Let the book be read by Putul.
Active : Let me sing a song.
Passive : Let a song be sung by me.
Active : Let him do the sum.
Passive : Let the sum be done by him.
দ্রষ্টব্য: Let-এর পরে Second person বসে না।
Impertive Sentence-এর Active voice-এর প্রথমে বা শেষে যদি adverb থাকে তবে Passive করার সময় তাকে বাক্যের শেষে রেখে দিতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : Help him now.
Passive : Let him be helped now.
Active : Always speak the truth.
Passive : Let the truth be spoken always.
Active : Shut the door immediately.
Passive : Let the door be shut immediately.
Active : Today cut the tree.
Passive : Let the tree be cut today (by you).
Impertive Sentence-যদি Negative হয় তবে Passive voice করার সময় বাক্যের প্রথমে let not ব্যবহার করতে হয়। অন্যান্য নিয়ম পূর্বের মতোই থেকে যায়।
Active : Do not break the temple.
Passive : Let not the temple be broken (by you).
Active : Don’t post the letter.
Passive : Let not the letter be posted (by you).
Active : Don’t open the door.
Passive : Let not the door be opened (by you).

Complex Sentence :
Complex Sentence-কে Passive voice করতে হলে Principal clause ও Sub-ordinate clause উভয়ের Passive করতে হয়। Principal clause-এর সাধারণত Object থাকে না। তাই উক্ত অংশের Object হিসেবে It নিতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : I know that you helped him.
Passive : It is known to me that he was helped by you.
Active : I thought that Babul had sung a song.
Passive : It was thought by me that a song had been sung by Babul.
জেনে রাখো: Complex Sentence-এর Sub-ordinate clause-এর যদি Object না থাকে তবে উক্ত অংশের Passive voice করার দরকার হয় না। এ ধরনের Sentence-এর বেলায় Principal clause-এর subject হিসেবে It নিয়েও Passive voice করা যায়। তা ছাড়া sub-ordinate clause-এর that-সহ পরের সবটুকুকে Passive করার সময় বাক্যের Subject করে Passive করা যায়। যেমন—
Active : I know that the he is a good boy
Passive : It is known to me that he is a good boy.
Or : That he is a good boy is known to me.
জেনে রাখো: And দ্বারা দুটি বাক্য যুক্ত হলে যদি and-এর উভয় অংশে Object থাকে তবে উভয়ই নিয়ম অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হবে। আর and-এর পরবর্তী অংশে কোনো Object না থাকলে প্রথম অংশ বা পূর্ববর্তী অংশ পরিবর্তিত হয়। যেমন—
Active : He ate rice and went to school.
Passive : Rice was eaten by him and (he) went to school.
Active : He ate rice and gave me a pen.
Passive : Rice was eaten and I was given a pen by him.
অনেক সময় Infinitive দ্বারাও Voice change করা যায়। যেমন—I don’t like to be hated.
A bank is going to be opened by the manager.
Complex Sentence :
Complex Sentence-কে Passive voice করতে হলে Principal clause ও Sub-ordinate clause উভয়ের Passive করতে হয়। Principal clause-এর সাধারণত Object থাকে না। তাই উক্ত অংশের Object হিসেবে It নিতে হয়।
লক্ষণীয়: কতগুলো Verb-এর পরে by preposition না বসে with, at, to ইত্যাদি বসে। যেমন—
Gratify = gratify with,
please = pleased with,
satisfy = satisfied with,
bless = blessed with,
glad = glad at,
know = known to,
surprise = surprised at,
fill = filled with ইত্যাদি।
Known verb-এর পরে to ও be উভয়ই বসে। যেমন—
He is known to me.
A tree is known by its fruits.
জেনে রাখো: অনেক সময় আত্মপরিচয় দিতে হলে বা কোনো কাজের মাধ্যমে পরিচয় দিতে হলে known-এর পরে by বসে। একে অন্যের সঙ্গে পরিচয় অর্থে Known-এর পরে to বসে। যেমন— Active : The boy pleased us all.
Passive : We all were pleased by the boy হবে না।

এক্ষেত্রে হবে-
Passive : We all were pleased with the boy.
Active : Your work satisfied me.
Passive : I was satisfied with your work.
Active : His conduct annoyed me.
Passive : I was annoyed at his conduct.
Active : The book contains useful information.
Passive : Useful information is contained in the book.
জেনে রাখো: অনেক সময় দেখা যায় Passive voice-এর Doer বা Agent থাকে না। এ ধরনের বাক্যের Voice পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Someone, People, We, The Boy, He ইত্যাদিকে Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহার করতে হয়। তবে কোনো কাজ যখন এক ব্যক্তি দ্বারা করা সম্ভব তখন Singular subject নিতে হয়। আর যখন কোনো কাজ একার পক্ষে সাধারণত করা সম্ভব নয় তখন Plural subject নিতে হয়। যেমন—
Passive : My pen was stolen.
Active : Someone stole my pen.
Passive : He is not known here.
Active : None/nobody knows him here.
Passive : He is called a liar.
Active : People/They call him a liar.
জেনে রাখো: Voice Change করার ক্ষেত্রে। নিম্নলিখিত Verb-গুলোর Passive voice হয় না। কারণ এরা Intransitive verb : die, appear, seem, disappear, happen, belong, despair, allude, occur, ensure, wonder, comprise, perish, refer, issue, and indulge ইত্যাদি।
Incorrect : It was appeared.
Correct : It appeared.
Incorrect : It is happened.
Correct : It happened.
Incorrect : This book is belonged to me.
Correct : This book belongs to me.
Complex Sentence :
জেনে রাখো: Active voice-এ যখন has to, had to, is going to, was going to, ought to, used to, have got to ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকে তখন Passive voice করার সময় উক্ত verb-গুলোর সঙ্গে be ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : He has to do work.
Passive : The work has to be done by him.
Active : We ought to love our country.
Passive : Our country ought to be loved by us.
Active : They used to burn the dead body.
Passive : The dead body used to be burn by them.
কিছু ব্যতিক্রম নিয়মের Voice change:
1. Quasi-passive Verb: Quasi শব্দের অর্থ half বা অর্ধেক। অর্থাৎ Half-passive = Quasi-passive. অতএব বলা যায়, যেসব Verb Half passive-এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তাকে Quasi-passive verb বলে। এদের Passive করতে হলে নিম্নলিখিত নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হবে:
১ নম্বর সূত্র: Sub + Be verb + Complement + When (if) + It/they +Be verb + Verb-এর Past participle.

২ নম্বর সূত্র: Subject + Be verb + Verb-এর Past participle + Complement.
Active : Honey tastes sweet.
Passive : Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
(১ নম্বর সূত্র)
Honey is tasted sweet. (২ নম্বর সূত্র)
Active : The bed feels soft.
Passive : The bed is soft when it is felt
The bed is felt soft.
Active : This story reads funny.
Passive : This story is funny when it is read.
This story is read funny.
2. Reflexive Verb:
যে verb-এর Subject এবং Object একই ব্যক্তি তাকে Reflexive verb বলে এবং Object-টিকে Reflexive object বলে। একে Subject করা যায় না। একে by-এর পরেই রেখে দিতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : He hurt himself.
Passive : He was hurt by himself.
Active : She killed herself.
Passive : She was killed by herself.
Active : He poisoned himself.
Passive : He was poisoned by himself.
3. Factitive Object: যেসব Object ক্ষণস্থায়ী অর্থাৎ মানুষের মতামতের ওপর যাদের স্থায়িত্ব নির্ভর করে সেসব Object-কে Factitive object বলে। এদের স্থায়িত্ব স্বল্প বিধায় এদেরকে বাক্যের Subject করা যায় না। তাই এদের পূর্ববর্তী Object-কে Subject করে Passive voice করতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : We made him captain .
Passive : He was made captain by us.
= Captain was made him by us হবে না।
Active : We call him a fool.
Passive : He is called a fool by us.
= A fool is called him by us হবে না।
Sample Questions
1. Change the following Active Voice into Passive:
(a) We made him captain.
(b) Always speak the truth.
(c) Do not open the door.
(d) Have you read the book?
(e) He will teach us English.
(f) Who has broken the plate?
(g) The book is printing.
(h) Nobody knows him here.
(i) Whom do you call?
Answer:
(a) He was made captain by us.
(b) Let the truth be always spoken.
(c) Let not the door be opened.
(d) Has the book been read by you?
(e) English will be taught us by him. (or)
We shall be taught English by him.
(f) By whom has the plate been broken?
(g) The book is being printed.
(h) He is not known here
(i) Who is called by?
2. Change the following Passive Voice into Active:
(a) My watch was stolen.
(b) Let a letter be written y me.
(c) Rice is sold in the market.
(d) By whom will the bill be paid?
(e) His brother was hurt by him.
(f) English is spoken all over the world.
(g) The book was placed on the table.
(h) I am surprised at his conduct.
(i) Rome was not built in a day.
(j) He is well known to me.
Answer:
(a) Some one stole my watch.
(b) Let me write a letter.
(c) Rice sells in the market.
(d) Who will pay the bill?
(e) He hurt his brother.
(f) People speak English all over the world.
(g) Someone placed the book on the table.
(h) His conduct surprises me.
(i) The Romans did not build Rome in a day.
(j) I know him well.

7

END OF PART B

EXAM TIME FOR 10 MINUTES